Observation｜schema.orgの型・プロパティ30個の一覧
Observationとは？
Observation は、schema.org で決められている型のひとつです。Intangible の一種として定義されています。形のないもの（価格・評価・数量・サービスなど）を表すとき に使います。
schema.org の定義（原文）
Instances of the class Observation are used to specify observations about an entity at a particular time. The principal properties of an Observation are observationAbout, measuredProperty, statType, [[value] and observationDate and measuredProperty. Some but not all Observations represent a QuantitativeValue. Quantitative observations can be about a StatisticalVariable, which is an abstract specification about which we can make observations that are grounded at a particular location and time. Observations can also encode a subset of simple RDF-like statements (its observationAbout, a StatisticalVariable, defining the measuredPoperty; its observationAbout property indicating the entity the statement is about, and value ) In the context of a quantitative knowledge graph, typical properties could include measuredProperty, observationAbout, observationDate, value, unitCode, unitText, measurementMethod.
出典: https://schema.org/Observation（英語。訳すと意味が変わることがあるため、原文のまま載せています）
どこに位置する型か
Thing → Intangible → Observation
上にある型ほど広い意味です。書くときは、そのページに一番近い（下にある）型を選びます。
Googleのリッチリザルトに対応していますか？
公式ギャラリーには載っていません。ただし、載っていない型を書いてはいけないという意味ではありません。schema.org の語彙は、検索結果の見た目を変えるためだけのものではなく、ページが何について書かれているかを機械に伝えるためのものです。リッチリザルトが出るかどうかと、書いてよいかどうかは別の話です。
この型そのもののプロパティ（10個）
| プロパティ | 入る値の型 | schema.org の説明（原文） |
|---|---|---|
marginOfError | QuantitativeValue | A marginOfError for an Observation. |
measuredProperty | Property | The measuredProperty of an Observation, typically via its StatisticalVariable. There are various kinds of applicable Property: a schema.org property, a property from other RDF-compatible systems, e.g. W3C RDF Data Cube, Data Commons, Wikidata, or schema.org extensions such as GS1's. |
measurementDenominator | StatisticalVariable | Identifies the denominator variable when an observation represents a ratio or percentage. |
measurementMethod | DefinedTerm、MeasurementMethodEnum、Text、URL | A subproperty of measurementTechnique that can be used for specifying specific methods, in particular via MeasurementMethodEnum. |
measurementQualifier | Enumeration | Provides additional qualification to an observation. For example, a GDP observation measures the Nominal value. |
measurementTechnique | DefinedTerm、MeasurementMethodEnum、Text、URL | A technique, method or technology used in an Observation, StatisticalVariable or Dataset (or DataDownload, DataCatalog), corresponding to the method used for measuring the corresponding variable(s) (for datasets, described using variableMeasured; for Observation, a StatisticalVariable). Often but not necessarily each variableMeasured will have an explicit representation as (or mapping to) an property such as those defined in Schema.org, or other RDF vocabularies and "knowledge graphs". In that case the subproperty of variableMeasured called measuredProperty is applicable. The measurementTechnique property helps when extra clarification is needed about how a measuredProperty was measured. This is oriented towards scientific and scholarly dataset publication but may have broader applicability; it is not intended as a full representation of measurement, but can often serve as a high level summary for dataset discovery. For example, if variableMeasured is: molecule concentration, measurementTechnique could be: "mass spectrometry" or "nmr spectroscopy" or "colorimetry" or "immunofluorescence". If the variableMeasured is "depression rating", the measurementTechnique could be "Zung Scale" or "HAM-D" or "Beck Depression Inventory". If there are several variableMeasured properties recorded for some given data object, use a PropertyValue for each variableMeasured and attach the corresponding measurementTechnique. The value can also be from an enumeration, organized as a MeasurementMethodEnum. |
observationAbout | Place、Thing | The observationAbout property identifies an entity, often a Place, associated with an Observation. |
observationDate | Date、DateTime | The observationDate of an Observation. |
observationPeriod | Text | The length of time an Observation took place over. The format follows `P[0-9]*[Y|M|D|h|m|s]`. For example, P1Y is Period 1 Year, P3M is Period 3 Months, P3h is Period 3 hours. |
variableMeasured | Property、PropertyValue、StatisticalVariable、Text | The variableMeasured property can indicate (repeated as necessary) the variables that are measured in some dataset, either described as text or as pairs of identifier and description using PropertyValue, or more explicitly as a StatisticalVariable. |
この記事と同じものを、あなたの会社のサイトに毎日2本。ことば選びから公開まで代行します。1日667円（税抜）から。
ほったらかし集客の料金はこちら →親の型から受け継ぐプロパティ（20個）
上の型で決まっているものは、この型でもそのまま使えます。
| プロパティ | 入る値の型 | schema.org の説明（原文） | どの型から |
|---|---|---|---|
additionalType | Text、URL | An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. Typically the value is a URI-identified RDF class, and in this case corresponds to the use of rdf:type in RDF. Text values can be used sparingly, for cases where useful information can be added without their being an appropriate schema to reference. In the case of text values, the class label should follow the schema.org style guide. | Thing |
alternateName | Text | An alias for the item. | Thing |
description | Text、TextObject | A description of the item. | Thing |
disambiguatingDescription | Text | A sub property of description. A short description of the item used to disambiguate from other, similar items. Information from other properties (in particular, name) may be necessary for the description to be useful for disambiguation. | Thing |
identifier | PropertyValue、Text、URL | The identifier property represents any kind of identifier for any kind of Thing, such as ISBNs, GTIN codes, UUIDs etc. Schema.org provides dedicated properties for representing many of these, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links. See background notes for more details. | Thing |
image | ImageObject、URL | An image of the item. This can be a URL or a fully described ImageObject. | Thing |
mainEntityOfPage | CreativeWork、URL | Indicates a page (or other CreativeWork) for which this thing is the main entity being described. See background notes for details. | Thing |
name | Text | The name of the item. | Thing |
owner | Organization、Person | A person or organization who owns this Thing. | Thing |
potentialAction | Action | Indicates a potential Action, which describes an idealized action in which this thing would play an 'object' role. | Thing |
sameAs | URL | URL of a reference Web page that unambiguously indicates the item's identity. E.g. the URL of the item's Wikipedia page, Wikidata entry, or official website. | Thing |
subjectOf | CreativeWork、Event | A CreativeWork or Event about this Thing. | Thing |
url | URL | URL of the item. | Thing |
additionalProperty | PropertyValue | A property-value pair representing an additional characteristic of the entity, e.g. a product feature or another characteristic for which there is no matching property in schema.org. Note: Publishers should be aware that applications designed to use specific schema.org properties (e.g. https://schema.org/width, https://schema.org/color, https://schema.org/gtin13, ...) will typically expect such data to be provided using those properties, rather than using the generic property/value mechanism. | QuantitativeValue |
maxValue | Number | The upper value of some characteristic or property. | QuantitativeValue |
minValue | Number | The lower value of some characteristic or property. | QuantitativeValue |
unitCode | Text、URL | The unit of measurement given using the UN/CEFACT Common Code (3 characters) or a URL. Other codes than the UN/CEFACT Common Code may be used with a prefix followed by a colon. | QuantitativeValue |
unitText | Text | A string or text indicating the unit of measurement. Useful if you cannot provide a standard unit code for unitCode. | QuantitativeValue |
value | Boolean、Number、QualitativeValue、StructuredValue、Text | The value of a QuantitativeValue (including Observation) or property value node. * For QuantitativeValue and MonetaryAmount, the recommended type for values is 'Number'. * For PropertyValue, it can be 'Text', 'Number', 'Boolean', 'StructuredValue' or 'QualitativeValue'. * Use values from 0123456789 (Unicode 'DIGIT ZERO' (U+0030) to 'DIGIT NINE' (U+0039)) rather than superficially similar Unicode symbols. * Use '.' (Unicode 'FULL STOP' (U+002E)) rather than ',' to indicate a decimal point. Avoid using these symbols as a readability separator. | QuantitativeValue |
valueReference | DefinedTerm、Enumeration、MeasurementTypeEnumeration、PropertyValue、QualitativeValue、QuantitativeValueほか | A secondary value that provides additional information on the original value, e.g. a reference temperature or a type of measurement. | QuantitativeValue |
書き方の骨組み
Googleが推奨している書き方は JSON-LD です。<script type="application/ld+json"> の中に入れます。
{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Observation",
"name": "（名前）"
, "url": "（url の値）"
, "description": "（description の値）"
, "image": "（image の値）"
}（値の中身は、そのページに実際に表示されている内容にしてください。表示されていないことを構造化データに書くのは、Googleのポリシー違反です。）
ほかの型を調べる
- schema.orgの型 全件の一覧
- schema.orgのプロパティ 全件の一覧
- Googleのリッチリザルトに対応している型
- 構造化データの書き方（Googleの公式文書から）
- AI・検索のクローラー一覧とrobots.txtの書き方
出典
このページの型名・説明・親子関係・プロパティは、schema.org が配布している語彙ファイルから機械的に取り出したものです。人の手で足した説明はありません。仕様は変わります。実装の前に原文をご確認ください。
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